Revelations of Divine Love - 2075 Words

Revelations of Divine Love is one of the most renowned Christian texts, mainly because it is known to be the first published book in the English language that was written by a woman. It was written by Julian of Norwich, a woman who reflects the nature of the medieval time period. She would come to define a representation of the connection that people can have to divine beings in many variety of forms by being a famous mystic. As she interprets her mystic experiences, she depicts Jesus Christ as a â€Å"working mother† of the Trinity. Her belief is that Christ embodies the characteristics of motherhood and this would enable a caring and nurturing foundation for the Christian faith. Christ as mother extends to both to the physical humanity in bodily bleeding and suffering in order to give life and to the spirituality of Christ whom delivers the soul; eternal and heavenly. This motherhood of Christ is a vital part of Julian’s theology and the idea of feminine love extends even to sin and salvation. But most of all, she depicts Christ as feminine, not to distinguish him as being even more of a woman, but to analyze a blurring of the genders, having Christ, and therefore God as beyond manmade categories. In turn, this would come to positively impact women by having an idol that is not androgynous. This follows the Trinity being a father, mother and lordship (Father, Son and Holy Ghost). Christianity is one of the largest religious practices in the world and it has many differentShow MoreRelatedNotes On The Day Of Sorrows1445 Words   |  6 Pagescalls us to relationship with him We are invited into communion with God in order to experience the grace of his saving love Notes 2 I am†¦ Name three things you believe about people motto describes you My mom because she guides me, my dad because he empowers me, and my brother because he is my friend. The first book i read, when my siblings were born, and I believe God loves everyone, that he set the world in motion starting with the big bang, and that God forgives everyone. I believe that iRead MoreThe Changes in the Catholic Church during the High Middle Ages972 Words   |  4 Pagestwo popes claiming authority over the Catholic Church. Following the split, the papal offices began to lose their authority. Ultimately, the cardinals of both popes decided that an ecumenical council of godly men could collectively possess more divine authority that just one pope. In 1409 at the council of Pisa, the church council was asked to elect a new pope that would unite the sides, meaning there would be three popes. Now, there was Pope Urban VI from Italy, Pope Clement VII from FranceRead MoreTradition And Rules Of The Gospel Of Christ Essay1465 Words   |  6 Pagessimply â€Å"a handing over†. Paul had many traditions handed over to him from his Jewish ancestry but he also had a revelation of salvation available through the grace of Jesus Christ both to the Jew and Gentile. Through tradition each generation accumulates wisdom, love and values from th eir ancestors. Salvation cannot be accumulated through tradition it must be experienced through the revelation of Jesus Christ by the Holy Spirit and accepted as a gift from God. Paul`s gospel stresses that God`s planRead MoreThe Sacred Text And The Principal Beliefs Of Christianity1738 Words   |  7 Pagesof these beliefs and how they are lived out in everyday life. This can be seen in the important of sacred text, principle belief of the concept of salvation in John 3:16, principle belief of divine and humanity in ‘John 1:14’, principle belief of resurrection in ‘Mark 16:1-8’, principle belief of revelation in ‘1 corinthians14:6’, and beliefs through the Trinity in ‘2 Corinthians 13:14’. This essay will explain the important of the sacred text and the principal beliefs of Christianity. The importantRead MoreThe Sacrifice Of Truth And Obedience1415 Words   |  6 Pageson the situation. Scriptures show some examples where faith leads to God s revelation, but one could argue these anecdotes more likely come from divine election rather than from high levels of faith. Recognizing this philosophical history and the expansive influence of DH, the Church and its leaders must ally themselves with Christian followers in a way that proves constructive and beneficial. The existence of divine hiddenness provides perhaps the biggest threat to Christian faith and the strongestRead MoreThe Sacred Texts And Writings1423 Words   |  6 Pagesand the nature of trinity, revelation and salvation. This essay aim’s at assessing the significant role of the sacred text in providing authentic information in regards to sacred texts. The role of the sacred text is of major significant in understanding Christian principal beliefs and this is evident through the divinity of humanity of Jesus Christ. To start off with Christianity affirms the full divinity and complete humanity of Jesus Christ. While remaining fully divine and for the salvation ofRead MoreGeneral And Special Revelation By Richard Dawkins930 Words   |  4 PagesHimself to us as individuals and it is our responsibility to seek Him with our whole selves. These two different ways He reaches out to us are called general and special revelation. General Revelation God reveals himself to everyone throughout time by general revelation. He reveals himself through creation, through God’s divine intervention and through our own minds though scientists often cannot or will not see the truth. Pearcey (2005) notes, â€Å"Design is such a defining feature of living thingsRead MoreThe Revelation Of The God Self Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesThe revelation of the God-self is the most amazing experience a human being can have. From Genesis to Revelation, the Bible is full of divine disclosure that inspires and serves as the starting point for Christian worship. God initiates worship through the revelation of God’s salvific events for humanity, and we respond in awe, humility, and gratitude while ascribing honor and worth to the one and true God while living out a covenantal relationship of love and obedience with the Holy One. Dr. RalphRead MoreThe Five Principle Beliefs Of Christianity1642 Words   |  7 Pagessociety. This therefore allows for the comprehension of sacred texts and its cohesive meaning on an entity. The principle beliefs of Christianity include the divinity and humanity of Christ, his death, resurrection and ascension, the nature of God, revelations and salvation. The correlation between these beliefs ultimately shape Christianity itself and thus enhances the influence it has over the adherents. The divinity and humanity of Christ is evident through his suffering and sacrifice, in conjunctionRead MoreTransformed World View Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesCurtis, pages 131-155, and give written responses to questions 1 and 6 on page 152. Study Questions for Curtis, Chapter 8, Page 152 1. Consider the farmer in Isa. 28:23-29, whose God-given knowledge of farming techniques comes through general revelation. Have you ever experienced anything similar? Have you ever learned how to do something through tradition, observation, experimentation, but believe the lessons come ultimately from God? (INSERT ANSWER HERE) 6. A friend tells you that

Caffeine Foods Is A Natural Part Of Life - 1546 Words

Craving foods is a natural part of life, but why we crave is a question that is open for discussion. There are a few thoughts in the scientific circles explaining why people have cravings. Researchers believe we crave foods that are high in a specific nutrient that our body is lacking. To support this thought, if you crave a banana, some scientists say this means your body is lacking potassium. If you are craving a big bowl of potato chips, scientists would say that your body is lacking salt. All of this is wrong, it’s just a myth. After much research on the articles available in this idea, the real reason people crave is more psychological. It’s a mind game and sometimes it could even be as obscure as a childhood memory that triggers a†¦show more content†¦This definition alone has the power to debunk this myth. But is this definition alone enough for most individuals? The one side that supports the myth says that our body craves foods that contain certain nut rients that our body is lacking. The only way this argument could be proven is with a study that shows a person that lacks a nutrient and craves a food with that nutrient. While my research paper is to prove that cravings are not a result of a nutritional deficiency. I have to mention that there is one condition that does prove cravings are a result of a nutritional deficiency. A while back I watched a video talking about how some kids eat cookies or patties made of mud. This rare disorder, called Pica, makes a person who’s nutritional levels are low in iron and zinc crave and eat dirt or clay (Kids Health). This disorder is the only example that supports the myth, but it has to be completely ruled out due to the fact that this disorder is found only in young individuals. Nutrient intake is the main focus of this myth. To be able to confidently debunk this myth there have to be studies that show that nutrient intake doesn t correspond with cravings. Researchers from one study found that, cravers normally meet or exceed the RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance) for all nutrients except vitamin E, folate and magnesium (Christensen 32). So, if this myth is true the people in this study should craved foods containing vitamin E, folate, and magnesium, which they didn’t. In

The Attitude of Confucius towards Women Free Essays

No one would not recognize that Confucius until now has a great impact not only to China and to its neighbors such as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam but as well as to other countries that his teachings had traveled through. His thoughts had deeply penetrated into their culture believing that they were the right virtues to do for their daily living. But one of his teachings is now questioned and this is his attitude against women. We will write a custom essay sample on The Attitude of Confucius towards Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now Looking ahead†¦ The Attitude of Confucius towards Women Introduction No one would not recognize that Confucius until now has a great impact not only to China and to its neighbors such as Japan, Korea, and Vietnam but as well as to other countries that his teachings had traveled through. His thoughts had deeply penetrated into their culture believing that they were the right virtues to do for their daily living. But one of his teachings is now questioned and this is his attitude against women. As change of time goes by, even his descendants had now realized what women should be in this changing society. Biography of Confucius and the role of women in his life Confucius was believed to have been born 551 BC, at the city of Qufu, of the state of Lu (now modern day province of Shandong). His ancestry is said to have originated from the Royal State of Song, but had fled because of turmoil. It is also believed that Confucius was an illegitimate child because his father had not been given a healthy son by his first wife. According to Peterson (2008), Confucius belongs to the gentry or those who owned a large farm. But contrary to this, it is also believed that three years after Confucius was born, his father died and he together with his mother lived in poverty (Chien, 1978). Confucius then strived hard to rise starting from being a livestock caretaker, clerk and bookkeeper. At an early age of 19, he married Qi Quan then they had a child when he was 20. At the age of 23, his mother died and he had offered a three years mourning for her. According to the Temples of Confucius, he had became a Justice Minister of Lu at 53 but the sources of Peterson contradicts to this event saying that though Confucius wanted to had a position, he never had at least one and he had only spent his life teaching others who had the same wish to gain position. These discrepancies about the biography of Confucius is said to have its root to the many legendary accounts being attributed unto him by his historian followers later in his life. His ideas about wives in relation to husbands As a teacher of men who wants to rule, one discipline he had taught unto them is their relation to their wives. To start, he had a perception that women are the lone producers of disorders and this should not be blamed as something sent by the heaven. He regards them as cannot be taught nor instructed thus making them inferior to man. He also then gave an advice that â€Å"husbands should maintain a certain distance to his wife. † A philosopher from the Han dynasty wherein Confucian teachings had been first widely adopted, Ban Gu had explained that women should not make the initiative before man, because â€Å"yin is lowly, and it proceeds to the yang in order to be completed. † Known women by that time had also supported this idea of Confucius, Zhao had admitted that women are weak and lowly, and their primary duty is to serve their husband. She also says that men could remarry twice, but women could not. But she ended her passage by paying respect to their gender, saying that as â€Å"man is honored for strength; a woman is beautiful for her gentleness. † Another saying pertains to the acts that should be done by court ladies, stating that â€Å"A husband is heaven, and Heaven cannot be shirked. † According to another record from the Han dynasty entitled Ritual and Book of Rites, daughter-in-laws should act as a lower class to his husband’s parents. Whatever she wants to do, she should first ask permission from them. According then to Nu Lun Lu, this one coming from the Tang Dynasty, says that a husband-wife relationship should be of man’s strength and woman’s weakness, that a wife should just be quiet and blame herself every time his husband is angry, that a wife should not leave his husband especially when he is sick. His ideas about the role of mothers in relations to sons Speaking of Confucius attitude about mothers, I might suggest that his teachings would had been influenced by his personal experiences with his father assuming that it is true that Confucius is an illegitimate child because his father divorced his first wife because she could not give him at least one healthy son. According to the famous disciple of Confucius named Mencius, â€Å"there are only three uncivil acts, the greatest of them is not producing a son. † But even though a mother could not give a son, he had not excluded her with the respect her child should give back to her. He had also regarded that mothers are the first source of education of their children. His thinking about contacts with other states, including both trade and war as being affected by his attitude to women As he emphasized that women should be at the lowest level in the human society, his thinking about contacts with other states is that it should only be run by males and not by the inferior females. He strongly suggests that women should only be kept inside the bedroom to serve his husbands after a hard day’s work. Every work outside the house such as trading then is only of male-concerns, so thus also being a soldier at times of war. Justification As time had changed, people are now realizing that Confucius idea about the inferiority of women in the society had also changed. Basing on my opinion, Confucius had stated those teachings just to stress out the need of his province for men who would rule and protect it at times of war. He then perceived that women are belongings of men and a wife’s main duty is to give him a healthy son that would make sure the continuance of his bloodline. How to cite The Attitude of Confucius towards Women, Papers

President Washington s Phenomenal Tactics And Confidence Essay Example For Students

President Washington s Phenomenal Tactics And Confidence Essay The United States would have never been established without General Washington’s phenomenal tactics and â€Å"confidence† in the Revolutionary War. According to http://www.dictionary.com/, â€Å"confidence†, â€Å"is full trust; belief in the powers, trustworthiness, or reliability of a person or thing,† and in fact, it is one of the hardest virtues people can attain (Dictionary.com). In life, we are aware of the many celebrities and successful people across multiple fields. We often ask the question why and how those people can reach the success, apart from the virtues, the qualities needed as hardworking, talented and flexible communication, or luck. To earn the same success as those people, we need to have a quality that is very important, â€Å"confidence†. Indeed, the word â€Å"confidence† helps people understand more about themselves, overcome life’s difficult situations, and easily archive their goals. Originally, â€Å"confidence† is the belief in ourselves, in our values or great qualities that exists within human beings. Moreover, self-confidence is something that cannot be taught. It is up to the individual to decide how much belief that they possess inside of themselves. Further, the more people believe in success and in the achievements that they have accomplished in the past, the more they can firmly embrace new challenges in the future. In contrast, â€Å"confidence† is opposite to some of people’s negative personalities such as cowardness, timidity, and it can lead them to be afraid to fail, or do not dare to pursue their dreams. Throughout life, â€Å"confidence† can be expressed from the smallest action as a student presenting or contributing ideas to the class lessons, or a scientist announcing his inventions, or even a writer publishing his books. . . iliar with their real-life children, more emphasis on psychological counseling adolescence, and future orientation for students. In summary, â€Å"confidence† is the key to know more about a person, to confront difficulties, and to easily success in life. So, everyone should practice it now to become a dynamic person, bravery in the society when there exists a strong belief in the thorns before life itself. â€Å"Confidence† also concerns people’s attitudes. Being calm and analyzing themselves leads people to know what their weaknesses and what is their strong points are. Psychological analysis always has an important influence on success, so â€Å"confidence† should make people being strong psychologically. The purpose of self-confidence is to maximize a person’s ability and future potential. Therefore, it has nothing to do with other people because it has to come from their own.

Application of Evidenced

Introduction Sackett et al (1996) defined Evidenced-based practice (EBP) based on medicine as, â€Å"the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence based in making decisions about the care of individual patience, furthermore EBP involves integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research† (cited in Social Work Resources, 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Application of Evidenced-Based Practice in Autism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Individual clinical expertise constitutes those adeptness and judgmental aspects a professional clinician builds over time as a result of field experience and practice. While on the other hand, external clinical evidence constitutes precise research built from the sciences of medicine but reflecting patient-focus clinical research that largely involves, â€Å"correct and meticul ous diagnostic tests, the power of prognostic markers and the efficacy and safety of therapeutic rehabilitative and preventive regimens† (Social Work Resources, 2010, p.1; Curtin, 2008). Autism is a disorder that affects a child’s social and communication skills. In many instances, these children have a problem in interpreting the usual messages and signals, experience difficulty in social relationships, have problems in development of play and imagination, always appear resistance to change in routine, and lastly, these children normally demonstrate to possess unique skills and talents in art, music and even science (Autism Reality, 2007). Demonstrating numerous social problems and with no particular specific medicine available to treat the disorder, this paper tries to answer a question that arises as to how well can Autism children be clinically and ‘socially’ treated based on a communication intervention program in an effort to integrated them properly in the society. Treating disability based on Evidence-based practice Debate has persisted for a long time about how mental health problems have manifested themselves in those individuals with different degrees of disability. Broad consensus is that individuals who manifest mild learning disability can be diagnosed by adopting criteria usually used for the general population. These criteria include, International Classification of Disease-10, adopted by World Health Organization in 1993 and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder (DSM-IV) adopted by the American Psychiatrist Association in 1994 (Raghavan and Patel, 2005). These treatments have been a challenge to victims who demonstrate severe to profound learning disabilities.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Individuals with such disabilities have problems that are more individualized in form manifested as behavioral disorder, and for them to have better forms of treatment, there is need for assessment that is qualitative in nature, case study approach using person-centered planning models and behavioral approaches such as functional analysis. When there is no adequate recognition of the mental health problems specifically to those with learning disabilities, the victims experience major effect on their general well being, personal independence, productivity, and quality of life. At the same time, the family of the victim gets affected together with other caregivers. When learning disabilities combine with mental ill health, victims may always experience stigmatization and prejudices that sometimes lead to social exclusion. Treatment for the victims has generally involved differential diagnosis of challenging behavior and mental health disorder which in turn has resulted in numerous and serious consequences with regard to understanding the therapeutic needs of these people with disabilities. Du al diagnosis has become complex and sometimes confusing in nature whereby, various practitioners have not understood the form and types of needs of people with learning disabilities and sometimes who experience mental health disorders (Raghavan and Patel, 2005). Evidence shows that people with dual diagnosis have intricate needs, which in most cases are poorly identified, and in most cases, these people receive fruitless therapeutic services. Providing therapeutic care in addressing mental health problems and learning disabilities requires in-depth understanding of the biopsychosocial dimensions of learning disability (Raghavan and Patel, 2005). This has led to search and identification of a systematic process of identifying needs and providing appropriate interventions to meet the needs. Further, providing care for these people needs to be undertaken with professional integrity, respecting the individuality, rights, and choices of the people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Application of Evidenced-Based Practice in Autism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More More so, there is a need for thorough assessment of the problems and needs of the people, and this calls for the use of structured assessment processes using standardized screening tools, interview schedules, rating scales and checklists. Treating Autism using evidence-based practice Autism victims demonstrate greater disability with regard to communication skills. They tend to have problem in communication skills, which in general affect their associative social world (Glicken, 2009; Gordon, 2010, p.1). Practitioners adopting and utilizing the broad definition of the EBP have integrated it into communication assessment and intervention for the Autism victims. In general, EBP process takes place based on the following steps: asks a well-built question; search for research evidence; appraise the evidence; apply the evidence; and evaluate the effectiveness of the application (Matson, 2009; Neville and Horbatt, 2008). At the same time, to effectively carry out this evidence-based practice process, the practitioner requires to: assess and incorporate stakeholder perspectives into the communication assessments and interventions; identify and select the most relevant, adequate and effective empirically validated procedures and adapt the procedures to suit the unique elements of individual children; and gain and apply the requisite clinical expertise to effectively apply and evaluate assessment and treatment procedures (Matson 2009; Olszyk 2005). Evidence-based practice puts much emphasis on incorporating stakeholders’ perspectives in the implementation of assessment and intervention. Stakeholders in this context include direct stakeholders, who are recipient of the intervention; indirect stakeholders, who may involve family members of the child; immediate stakeholders, comprising peers and teachers; and extended s takeholders, the various people the child may interact with (Matson, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Incorporating stakeholders plays a significant role in communication intervention since these are the people who constitute the child’s frequent communicative partners. At the same time, inclusion of stakeholders will result into a collaborative interaction between the stakeholders and practitioners in implementing the intervention. When the participation and commitment of stakeholders is effective, then there is likelihood of experiencing successful treatment outcomes and maintaining treatment gains. Moreover, evidence-based practice advocate for incorporation of stakeholders from the beginning when the intervention process is initiated. Selection of appropriate target behaviors and negotiation of stakeholders’ involvement during the initial stages of designing communication intervention programs for Autism children is important. Critical decisions to make during this stage include the methods and modes of communication that the child will be taught to use and the ini tial communicative skills to target for acquisition (Matson, 2009). In addition, stakeholders need to be taught the full range of speech and non-speech communication modes that include speech, gestures, manual sign, picture communication, and a range of communicative functions that largely involve verbal behavior (Matson, 2009). Evidence-based practice further requires practitioners to utilize procedures that have precise establishment or that are empirically supported. To do this, the practitioner will need to evaluate the nature of the encountered problem; the time constraints; and the level of expertise. In a communication intervention program of Autism children, EBP postulate that there should be flexible use of well-established techniques. In selecting the best empirical procedures for the communication intervention program, practitioners are required to select procedures that: suit the child’s unique attributes and characteristics; practitioners should also collect and use learner-generated performance data to determine if the intervention is fruitful; then the practitioner is further required to understand the fundamental principles that underlie the empirically validated procedures(Matson, 2009). The third aspect of evidence-based practice is that practitioners should utilize relevant educational and clinical expertise in generating and foster an assessment or intervention. The overall requirement of this element is that practitioners should demonstrate exemplary skills in implementing empirically supported procedures and working within a high degree of treatment fidelity (Matson, 2009). At the same time, practitioners are required to constantly update themselves with the new and emerging evidence that characterize the evidence-based practice. Conclusion Autism largely is connected to communication abilities of a child, a situation that later results into the child experiencing disability problems in effectively encoding and decoding communicati ve messages. These communicative disabilities further affect the quality of the child’s life. To effectively address this issue, evidence-based practice has come out as the intervention method that appears holistically to address the needs of the Autism children. Evidence-based practice is seen to integrate the numerous available researches with relevant educational and clinical expertise (Boswell, Gatson, Baker and Vaughn, 2008) without forgetting the key stakeholders in generating effective assessment and intervention decisions that are efficient in treating Autism children. Reference List Autism Reality. 2007. AutismPro-â€Å"Somewhat† Evidence Based Internet Autism Intervention or Not Evidence Based At All? Web. Available from: http://autisminnb.blogspot.com/2007/11/autismpro-somewhat-evidence-based.html . Boswell, C., Gatson, Z., Baker, D. and Vaughn, G., 2008. Application of Evidence-Based Practice through a Float Project. Nursing Forum, Vol. 43, No. 3. Web. Avai lable from: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=64did=1549949831SrchMode=1sid=7Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1288348111clientId=29440 . Curtin, L. J., 2008. The Johns Hopkins Nursing Evidence-Based Practice Model and Guidelines. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, Vol. 39, No. 9. Web. Available from: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=57did=1550210641SrchMode=1sid=7Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1288347364clientId=29440 . Glicken, M. D., 2009. Evidence-Based Practice with Emotionally Troubled Children and Adolescents. CA, Academic Press. Web. Available from:http://books.google.com/books?id=PpF1yVncGDACpg=PA233lpg=PA233dq=evidenced-based+practice+in+treating+autismsource=blots=j92JXWtuFUsig=ptccFylkpK2nsv6L1u-Sp2gJAEYhl=enei=06HKTO6fENTNjAeFza3TDwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=7ved=0CDIQ6AEwBg#v=onepageqf=false . Gordon, M., 2010. New program helps autistic students transition into ‘real world’ after high school. McClatchy-Tribu ne Business News, Washington. Web. Available from: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=1did=2160184831SrchMode=1sid Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=12883487 0clientId=29440 . Matson, J. L., 2009. Applied Behavior Analysis for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. NY, Springer. Web. Available from: http://books.google.com/books?id=gUlW1gA3yyACpg=PA122dq=Evidence+Based+Practice+%28EBP%29+and+Autismhl=enei=BnPKTO_cFYKQjAe7z8HRDwsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepageq=Evidence%20Based%20Practice%20%28EBP%29%20and%20Autismf=false . Neville, K. and Horbatt, S., 2008. Evidence-Based Practice: Creating a Spirit of Inquiry to Solve Clinical Nursing Problems. Orthopaedic Nursing, Vol. 27, No. 6. Web. Available from: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=50did=2140407801SrchMode=1sid=7Fmt=3VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1288347363clientId=29440 . Olszyk, R. K., 205. Change in symptomatology and functioning of preschoolers with autism in the context of the DIR model. Pace University. Web. Available from: http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=1did=885699711SrchMode=1sid=11Fmt=2VInst=PRODVType=PQDRQT=309VName=PQDTS=1288349666clientId=29440 . Raghavan, R. and, Patel, P., 2005. Learning disabilities and mental health: a nursing perspective. Wiley-Blackwell. Web. Available from: http://books.google.com/books?id=5LGzTQPdvAECpg=PA2dq=general+issues+of+evidence+based+practice+in+disabilityhl=enei=EXzKTKfkF4ztOempgIwBsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=1ved=0CCcQ6AEwADgK#v=onepageq=general%20issues%20of%20evidence%20based%20practice%20in%20disabilityf=false . Social Work Resources. (2010). Evidenced Based Practice. Web. Available from: http://sophia.smith.edu/~jdrisko/evidence_based_practice.htm . This essay on Application of Evidenced-Based Practice in Autism was written and submitted by user Shatterstar to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Catherine of Valois Biography

Catherine of Valois Biography Catherine of Valois Facts: Known for: consort of Henry V of England, mother of Henry VI, grandmother of Henry VII the first Tudor king, also the daughter of a kingDates: Dates: October 27, 1401 - January 3, 1437Also known as: Katherine of Valois Catherine of Valois Biography: Catherine of Valois, daughter of the King Charles VI of France and his consort, Isabella of Bavaria, was born in Paris. Her earliest years saw conflict and poverty within the royal family. Her fathers mental illness and her mothers rumored rejection of her may have created an unhappy childhood. Betrothed to Charles, Heir of Louis, Duke of Bourbon In 1403, when she was less than 2 years old, she was betrothed to Charles, heir of Louis, Duke of Bourbon.  In 1408, Henry IV of England proposed a peace agreement with France that would marry his son, the future Henry V, to one of the daughters of Charles VI of France. Over a number of years, marriage possibilities and plans were discussed, interrupted by Agincourt. Henry demanded that Normandy and Aquitaine be given back to Henry as part of any marriage agreement. The Treaty of Troyes Finally, in 1418, the plans were again on the table, and Henry and Catherine met in June of 1419. Henry continued his pursuit of Catherine from England and promised to renounce his assumed title of king of France if she would marry him and if he and his children by Catherine would be named Charles heirs.  The Treaty of Troyes was signed and the pair were betrothed.  Henry arrived in France in May and the couple was married on June 2, 1420. As part of the treaty, Henry won control of Normandy and Aquitaine, became regent of France during Charles lifetime, and won the right to succeed on Charles death. If this had come to pass, France and England would have been united under one monarch. Instead, during the minority of Henry VI, the French Dauphin, Charles, was crowned as Charles VII with the aid of Joan of Arc in 1429. Catherine and Henry V, Newly Married Couple The newly married couple were together as Henry laid siege to several cities.  They celebrated Christmas at the Louvre Palace, then left for Rouen, and then traveled to England in January of 1421. Catherine of Valois was crowned Queen of England at Westminster Abbey in February 1421. with Henry absent so that the attention would all be on his queen. The two toured England, to introduce the new queen but also to increase commitment to Henrys military ventures. Their Son, Future Henry VI The son of Catherine and Henry, the future Henry VI, was born in December of 1421, with Henry back in France.  In May of 1422 Catherine, without her son, traveled to France with John, Duke of Bedford, to join her husband.  Henry V died of an illness in August 1422, leaving the crown of England in the hands of a minor. During Henrys youth, he was educated and raised by Lancastrians while the Duke of York, Henrys uncle, held power as Protector.  Catherines role was mainly ceremonial.  Catherine went to live on land controlled by the Duke of Lanchester, with castles and manor houses under her control.  She appeared at times with the infant king on special occasions. Rumors Rumors of a relationship between the Kings mother and Edmund Beaufort led to a statute in parliament forbidding marriage to a queen without royal consent by the king and his council without severe punishment. She appeared less often in public, though she did appear at her sons coronation in 1429. A Secret Relationship With Owen Tudor Catherine of Valois had begun a secret relationship with Owen Tudor, a Welsh squire. It is not known how or where they met. Historians are divided on whether Catherine had already married Owen Tudor before that Act of Parliament, or whether they married secretly after that.  By 1432 they certainly were married, though without permission.  In 1436, Owen Tudor was imprisoned and Catherine retired to Bermondsey Abbey, where she died the next year.  The marriage was not revealed until after her death. They Had 5 Children Catherine of Valois and Owen Tudor had five children, half-siblings to King Henry VI. One daughter died in infancy and another daughter and three sons survived. The eldest son, Edmund, became Earl of Richmond in 1452. Edmund married Margaret Beaufort. Their son won the crown of England as Henry VII, claiming his right to the throne through conquest, but also through descent through his mother, Margaret Beaufort.

The Reluctant Workers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Reluctant Workers - Essay Example As soon as the working day ends, the entire collective goes home not willing to have a meeting or discuss impending tasks and plans. Phil Davies, a director of project management, explains this with the fact that in a project environment people are prioritized therefore it is essential first of all to provide satisfaction of every employee and after that the objectives of the project should be attained. To achieve efficacious program management, it is imperative to obtain ten important skills several of which can be noticed in the behavior of Tim Aston. A young manager displays professional leadership skills when he asks his staff to come to him in case an employee has some kind of predicament. Tim is willing to help his workers in finding the best solution of the problems. As a genuine leader, Tim is not afraid to take responsibility for decision-making and wants his staff to take him seriously and treat him with respect. The second point of the managerial core skills that can be found in the case study is management support. Tim Aston comes to the director asking for a piece of advice because he realizes that the support of other departments and managers can be crucial for the success of the project. Tim has managed to find a very good candidate from Accounting Department to be applied for the project. Considering that this guy will be extremely useful in his crew, Tim asks his boss to release him for a project. With his favor, Tim counts on understanding and support of Accounting Department. The third aspect that Tim faces is the process of resource allocation. It is well known that every project requires only the most appropriate employees with great potential and apposite abilities. Tim strives to retract people into project activities. Hence, notifying about a test, a young manger hoped that people would be more willing to take part in observations; however, Tim once again saw unexpected priorit ies of his employees. 2. Analyze the way in which

Leadership in the NHS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Leadership in the NHS - Essay Example It is in this regard that application of the effective leadership quality is necessary to upgrade the operational skills of the employees and to achieve the desired objectives. Emphasizing similar value attributes concerning its leadership roles, the Local’s Children’s Centre hosts an interactive session with respect to the progress of wean process as a measure to reduce obesity rates among children. This initiative has been undertaken by the NHS to create awareness amidst the society with respect to child obesity and its dreadful implications. The study intends to discuss about the various measures undertaken by National Health Services (NHS) to ensure about the nutritional benefits to the society, especially the children (Bevan, 2012). In addition, the NHS healthcare service organization attempts to practice various leadership qualities in order to manage the change with respect to the wean process that results in childhood obesity. Accordingly, the study discusses about the various initiatives been undertaken by NHS to create awareness within the society with respect to the nutritional benefits. NHS needs to mitigate various changes, likely to occur while transforming the traditional processes pertaining to weaning into progressive for deriving better nutritional benefits for reducing the risks of childhood obesity. In general, the ‘weaning’ process conveys about the process of involving the nutritional, biochemical and immunological adjustments by providing complementary food items in the child’s diet. Contextually, it has been noted that the breast-milk has been traditionally perceived as the most essential as nutritional food diet for infants. Traditionally, the children in their early years were provided only with breast milk. Feeding breast milk to the children has always been considered as the best source of providing nutrition. However, changes observed in the lifestyle choices in recent scenario have apparently influenced the

September 11, 2001, was a day this country will never forget Essay

September 11, 2001, was a day this country will never forget - Essay Example Suddenly, my grandpa emerged from the drawing room and cried out, â€Å"Hey, come inside and see what’s happening on the TV †¦ An aircraft has collided with one of the Twin Towers in New York!† Hearing this, we went running to the drawing room to see the television. And that is how I witnessed the September 11 attacks. At first, we thought that it was an accident. But as soon as another jet airliner collided with the South Tower, we understood that our country had been attacked. The September 11 attacks had profound immediate effects like anger, fear, and astonishment, which loomed over each and every citizen of the United States. The wave of anger and urge to serve Soon after the hijacked airplanes collided with the Twin towers, the structure began to collapse. I saw the horrible footage of the towers going down in smoke through the live telecast by CNN on the television. I was just trying to understand that what could have happened to the innocent people who were trapped inside. The immediate effect on me was anger. I was angry to see so many of my own people being killed in that atrocious way. I decided at once that I would take part in the rescue and relief operation. Later, I participated in the blood donation camps. Moreover, I made monetary contributions to the families of the victims of the attack through the organizations like Coalition of 9/11 Families. The fear about air travel Also, there was a short lived feeling of fear in me after I witnessed the September 11 attacks. Although this was not a sign of having strong character, I was frightened as I thought about hijackers. At the night, I had a nightmare that I was trapped in an airplane, which had been hijacked by terrorists. Since we frequently take flights to go to different cities and places, the specter of hijacking was really appalling. In the weeks following the September 11 attacks, I was shocked as I came to know that an ATC Zero condition had been established right after the terrorist attacks. Immediately after those attacks, all the airspace of North America had been closed and thousands of air passengers had been stranded in the different airports. I had never heard of such things happening before. Astonishment due to government response Besides anger and fear, another effect of the September 11 attacks on me was astonishment. I was bewildered to know that how the Bush administration had initially responded to the event. In March 2002, an article written by Francie Grace had been published via the CBS News website. In the article, Grace wrote, â€Å"President Bush had established a ‘shadow government’, moving dozens of senior civilian managers to secret underground locations outside Washington to ensure that the federal government could survive a devastating terrorist attack on the nation’s capital†. President Bush had taken this step in September, 2001 just after the terrorist attacks took place. However, the nation, i ncluding the powerful US Congress, came to know about it only after a period of almost half a year! I was filled with astonishment as I reflected on the practice of secrecy by the government. It was so strange indeed that such a secretive and agile machinery had actually failed to prevent the September 11 attacks. Conclusion In conclusion, I would like to state that the September 11 attacks on the Twin Towers and Pentagon changed the lives of each and every American. The effects of the attacks manifested as feelings of anger, fear, and

Rastafarianism Religious Beliefs: Spiritual Practices

Rastafarianism Religious Beliefs: Spiritual Practices Over the years, there have been various explanations to the causes of mental illness; while some have indicated genetic causes, others have identified socio-economic causes and others have explained it using a stress-vulnerability model. Sometimes it has been explained as a combination of these factors but irrespective of these explanations which could be argued, it has been substantiated by various studies. One cannot dismiss the strong association of cultural and religious beliefs and practices in the explanation of mental illness and how these explanation and beliefs can influence treatment options sought by the individual and clinicians attitudes and responses. In some instances, people experiencing mental illness may have delusions of religious content as this can obscure valuable diagnosis and required treatment to be given (Cinnirella and Loewenthal, 1999). Although, religion in certain instances does not have association with mental health disorders, when it does, some close associates of the person experiencing mental health difficulties see them as someone who requires treatment, while others think they have a good doctrine or fundamental ideas and will seldom seek medical or psychological intervention (Johnson-Hill, 1995). Rastafarianism is a way of life predominately allied with people of the Afro-Caribbean background. The movement turned religion, began in Jamaica in the 1930s, came into view as a proxy to the governance of western colonial authority and values. Teachings of Marcus Garvey, who advocated and championed the interests of people of African descent in the Diaspora, inspired the movement (Chevannes, 1998). There are over a million worldwide followers of Rastafarian religion. It has been estimated that about 5,000 Rastafarians are living in England and Wales in the 2001 census and there are considerable followers of the faith in communities predominately in London, Leeds, Manchester, Birmingham, Liverpool, Bristol and Nottingham (BBC, 2009). The primary aim of the religion is to bring about the elementary transformation of an unjust society. Ethiopianism is an idea that merges Ethiopia and the whole of the African continent which occupies followers of the Rastafarian faith with dreams of a return to their heaven on earth (Chevannes, 1994). Johnson-Hill (1995) stated that everything about this religion, the use of the holy herb (cannabis), the use of the term I, meaning We, and songs are all intended for the Oneness (divine self) within inner self discovery which acts to strengthen the individual. All these aid the Rastafarian to engage in purity of the mind and be regarded as person of self worth (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). The rise of Bob Marley, who was a practicing Rastafarian made the movement/ religion very popular not only in the Caribbean but the whole world and has attracted a considerable number of followers mainly blacks, and some white people who claim to have affiliation with Africa, to the ethics and practices of the Rasta faith. The inclusion of white people to the religion has led to a change in their philosophy of skin colour to an orientation of the mind and self- determinism (Johnson-Hill, 1995). Their strict teachings and practices, like any other religion may have protective factors against mental illness however it does not exempt an individual from experiencing mental health difficulties. This article will attempt to highlight the origin of Rastafarianism, spiritual practices and its impact on mental health and mental health practice. Origin of the Rastafari Religion Marcus Garvey was one of the founders of the religion. His middle name Mosiah which was interpreted by people as a link between Biblical Moses and the Messiah was very significant to his followers and turned the United Negro Improvement Association to a worldwide movement. Garvey used Biblical suggestion of Ethiopia as a place of return to Africa and also predicted to his followers to Look to Africa for the crowning of a Black King; he shall be the Redeemer (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). As Barrett (1988) pointed out, this prophecy to all of Garveys followers existed in their minds until in 1930, when Ras Tafari the great grandson of King Saheka Selassie was crowned Emperor of Ethiopia. He took up the name Haile Selassie (Might of the Trinity) and other titles as King of Kings, Lord of Lords, Conquering Lion of the Tribe of Judah, Elect of God and Light of the World and placed himself in the dynasty of King Solomon (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). Many Jamaicans and followers of the United Negro Improvement Association saw the coronation as a revelation from God and the fulfilment of the prophecy predicted earlier by Marcus Garvey. The fundamental idea of Ethiopianism and Messianism were put together by the Garvey movement whose task was to rebuild Africa shattered by the invasion of the colonialists (Chevannes, 1998). Rastafarians soon accredited themselves as part of the twelve tribes of the biblical Israel and identified with Haile Selassie as the redeemer or messiah who would lead them away from the white oppression (Babylon) with a promise of a return to Africa (Barrett, 1988). Johnson-Hill (1995) pointed out that although some followers of the faith returned to Ethiopia, others now see this mission as a psychological self discovery and personal attribute to Africa; its culture and way of life. Rastafarian beliefs, rituals and practices The Bible is of great importance to the practice of Rastafarianism but only some of its content is peculiar to the religion. However the Rasta believes in the Bible as having higher power to expose evil. They have nurtured for themselves a wide range of beliefs and spiritual practices with support from their interpretation of various texts in the Bible (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). The Rastafarians are persuaded that God is black and support their doctrine with Biblical text in Jeremiah 8:21. A reverence of Haile Selassie is very vital to the Rasta as he is perceived as a living god and returned messiah linking him to the lineage of King Solomon. The distinct characteristics of Haile Selassie is divine to the followers of Rastafarianism but to some he is an incarnation of God who is called Jah or combined as Jah-Rastafari which they support with Biblical verses in Revelations 5:2-5, Psalms 68:4 and Psalm 87:3-4. (Barrett, 1988). Chevannes (1994) points out that twice every week, the Bobo Shantis who are the strict followers of the religion use prayer and fasting and drumming as an essential part of the Rastafarian faith. On these occasions, nothing whatsoever passes their lips from noon to sunset amid worship in their temple. Prayer is predominately done three times every day, where the believer prostrates facing east at sunrise, noon and sunset. These religious beliefs and practices clearly have implications for mental health practice. The general believe in the Rastafarian religion is peace and their denouncement of violence. Sometimes this non-violent way of life is highly unachievable due to their socioeconomic strata and the militant affiliation of one section of the religion, the Nyahbingi order that might support violence. The Rastafarians lifestyle and day to day activities began as a deviation from societys norms and the formation of a cohesive unit. Protest against authority brought about violence in the early days of the founding of the religion (Johnson-Hill, 1995). The Bobo Shantis (a sect of Rastafarianism), are self mindful non violent people who wear their dreadlock hair under turbans. They desist from amassing wealth and property with a notion of living a very simple life similar to the lifestyle and practices of the ancient Israelites while observing the Sabbath weekly from Friday evening through Saturday evening (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). Another division of the Rastafarian religion is the twelve tribes of Israel which have larger and diverse followers. Each tribe is associated with a month of the year according to the names of the twelve tribes of Israel and members are deemed equal in status although they may function differently (Barrett, 1988). In the Rastafarian religion, women are seen as less superior beings and obtain the faiths thorough divine wisdom through their husband, or partner (Barrett, 1988). This indicates the possibility of Rastafarian men treating women inhumanely and possibly preventing them from accessing mental health services and treatment. There are some traditional practices which bear similarities in the practices of Rastafarians where in the public place, women must wear ankle length dresses, and hair must be covered during ritual proceedings. Rasta women are exempt from cooking when menstruating and in certain situation they are placed in seclusion (Chevannes, 1998). Although these are beliefs and custom held by the Rastafarians, it is evident that it can cause oppression to the woman, and can be a contributing factor of mental illness. Another belief or practice that can have implications for the treatment of mental illness is the Rastafarians placing a valuable importance on nature. It is seen as an endowment of Jah for healing and sanctification of mankind (Murrell, Spencer and McFarlene, 1998). As a result of this view, they reject unnatural things relevant to life including medical treatment, rather preferring the natural herbal use. The use of cannabis referred to by the Rastafarians as the herb, weed or ganja is believed to have been found on the grave of King Solomon and it is to aid in gaining insight into life, have a clear conscience and meditating in worship (Barrett, 1988). CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Cannabis and mental health A feature that people attribute to Rastafarianism is the use of cannabis. To the Rastafarian smoking cannabis is a special spiritual experience and help in their meditation as well as enlightens their mind. A procedure referred to as reasoning. The ritualistic way involving cleansing and prayer before using cannabis is sacred to them. Smoking cannabis without purpose is regarded as disrespectful to a Rasta (Barrett, 1988). To the Rastafarian, it is their right to use cannabis but its cultivation and possession according to the law is illegal and warrants a police caution or arrest (Home Office, 2009). In a medical context, the association between cannabis sativa commonly known as cannabis, marijuana, weed, or herb and psychosis has been raised. Cannabis sativa is exceptional for producing different types of cannabinoids but the most powerful type associated with psychosis is the Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which also contains carbon monoxide and carcinogens found in tobacco (Ashton, 1999). The THC content in cannabis has dramatically augmented over the years due to the advanced ways by which the plant is cultivated. The increased potency of cannabis nowadays may expose users to high doses of THC. In a study conducted by Reilly et al., (1998) using 268 long term users of cannabis with regular usage of at least three times per week, the subjects gave reasons for their cannabis use as mainly for relaxation, having a feel good effect and to alleviate stressors in their day to day lives. They however reported feelings of anxiety or depression, lack of motivation, exhibition of paranoid ideation and some also reported respiratory symptoms. Beer (2007) explained that certain individuals with a Valine modification in the dopamine-regulating COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase) gene are vulnerable to developing psychosis and cannabis can exacerbate psychosis in individuals with this defect in their genome. Experiments conducted by DSouza et al (2004) described the existence of positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia in the healthy people in their study who were given cannabis intravenously and also a transient acute psychotic episode in others. Early commencement of cannabis u se on a frequent basis was noted as a strong predictor in the individuals future addiction to cannabis and an important relation to depression (Kalant, 2004). He further showed that there is evidence that memory and information processing in the children of women who are chronic users of cannabis were permanently affected and a susceptibility to other illicit drugs dependence in later life owing to early exposure. Still exploring the impact of cannabis use on mental health, Ashton (1999) has indicated the pharmacokinetics of cannabinoids as it enters the lungs into the blood stream and the effect it precipitates. As the cannabis smoke is inhaled or taken orally, its effect is noticed within minutes and evoking a physiological and physical effects in users. In the bloodstream, the cannabinoids are circulated quickly to parts of the body requiring high blood demand like the brain, liver and lungs. In the brain, cannabinoids like THC act as agonist at the CB1 receceptors which is only found in the brain and a second one is also located in peripheral tissues especially in the immune system (Iversen, 2003). Studies have shown that these CB1 receptors are predominately confined to axons and nerve terminals but not in the dendrites or body of the neurons. These receptors have a presynatic mechanism in origin and modify the release of neurotransmitters which are mainly found in the basal ganglia, cerebellum, hypothalamus, anterior cingulated cortex, hippocampus and cerebral cortex (Levenes et al., 1998). Chronic cannabis use is linked to memory, learning impairment and cognitive function which are allied with the cortex and the hippocampus with subsequent mental health deficit (Iversen, 2003). Impaired judgement by these users relates to disruption in their decision making. This effect of cannabis on the brain explains the effect of the amount of dopamine released corresponds to the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia whereby excessive production of dopamine is associated with symptoms of schizophrenia (Johns, 2001). There is an extensive research highlighting the adverse effect cannabis has on ones mental state most especially in chronic or regular users. The capacity of cannabis is to generate a high, a notion widely associated with its use. Its abuse or addiction is related to substantial pre-morbid psychopathology (affective and personality disorders as well as psychotic disorders). The intense reaction it gives is ecstatic otherwise a euphoric, detached and relaxed feeling which may persevere with perpetual use of cannabis (Johns, 2001). Patriarchal structure and mental health implication While the woman signifies an enchanting pleasure to men and also satisfying their partners desires by not showing dissatisfaction or allowed to complain about anything in the Rastafarian faith, she is thought to denote a specific hazard to their men. Rastafarians believe that a woman is of such wayward nature that only through her male spouse, her king-man, may she attain the enlightenment of Jah (Chevannes, 1998). Using Biblical context of Adam and Eve and Samson and Delilahs experiences, Rastafarian men do not trust their women folk. This feature of the Rasta faith which has societys condemnation is the issue of dissimilarity in gender and a patriarchy practice. In certain Rastafarian communities, some of these sexist ideas results in women being marginalised, seen as inferior and a source of sin. There is a concept about women being submissive to their men folk and always show respect as well as do what they ask which is very contradictory or antithesis to their belief about human equality (Johnson-Hill, 1995). This oppression and control can lead to emotional and physical abuse in the women. Domestic violence arises when a partner considers dictating and gaining control of the other partner. Most often abusers are of the male gender and the need to dominate may arise from low self esteem, extreme inferiority issues in socioeconomic and educational status, excessive anger and jealousy. Inten se traditional beliefs or cultural practices may influence peoples behaviours as they grow either witnessing these practices of abuse from childhood or being victims of abuse themselves and the subsequent development to think it is right to control and abuse women (Briere, 1996). This occurrence of jealousy, insecurity and all forms of abuse with the situation of intimate relationship are common (Spiegel, 2003). Abuse is often thought as a physical abuse but emotional and verbal aspects can be as damaging as that of the physical. In many situations of abuse, these women will seldom report such incidences and only in serious proportions resulting in injuries and death reaches the attention of the authorities. Women experiencing this ordeal of pain and trauma in their relationships are referred to seek mental health and psychological interventions (Salter, 1995). In a cross-sectional survey comprising of 432 women who attended walk-in clinics, Maharaj et al (2010) used the Woman Abuse Screening Test (WAST) and showed a major association between abuse in mental health disorders in the patients especially depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder. A longitudinal study conducted by Roberts et al (1999) with women aged between 16 to 74 years, who were treated at the accident and emergency department investigated the features of symptoms and precedents of mental illness associated with domestic violence and abuse. Their findings showed similarities with other results highlighted in other research which identified that women who suffer abuse in their adult lives suffered an impact on their mental health and other women who experienced similar abuse in their childhood as well as adult life also had a significant difficulty in their mental health than women in the control group who were women not abused in any form. These studies clearly indicate an association between abuse and mental health problems. It also indicates that addressing the issues of abuse is paramount to religious beliefs and practices in mental health practice. The other implication it has on mental health practice is; professionals ability to carry out accurate ri sk assessment and subsequently manage risk in the light of these complex beliefs and practices. Rastafarianism and the vegans syndrome The Rasta believes that it is wrong to eat the carcass of animals because then the body is being converted into a burial ground (Chevannes, 1994). Most Rastafarians will not eat animal meat, some will eat fish but not eat shellfish and the consumption of milk by some is viewed as not coming from dead animals. They will not eat fruit that has been altered from its natural form nor any food that has been processed. In vegan diet, there is a low concentration of vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a vital component of the synthesis of DNA and has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric disorders (Lerner and Kanevsky, 2002). Vitamin B12 contributes an important part in the maintenance of homeostasis in the nervous and the transport systems (haematology). The daily dietary recommendation is 2.5 Â µg and only produced naturally by some microorganisms unlike humans who have to obtain it from their diet especially in dairy products, eggs, fish and meat (Catalano et al., 1998). A decline in the level of vitamin B12 causes anaemia, a rise in mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haematocrit and haemoglobin and some patients are found to have normal blood levels but deficient in this vitamin which can prove difficult to diagnose. Its role in the disorders of a neuropsychiatric is understudied, however several research cited by Catalano et al (1998) in their article has postulated toxic levels in homocysteine, axonal demylenition of neurons are a cause of deficiency in vitamin B12 and an association with mental health difficulties. It has proven a challenge to diagnose, as the psychiatric symptoms sometimes can present with or without hematologic or neurological appearance (Sabeen and Holroyd, 2009). There is a correlation between vitamin B12 deficiency and different types of psychiatric and neurological deficits. Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) plays an important role as a coenzyme in human metabolism which contributes to the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as d opamine, serotonin and noradrenalin. Defects in these neurotransmitters can lead to a decline in mental state and subsequently evolve into a psychiatric disorder (Hutto, 1997). Symptoms of a psychiatric nature that is accredited to a deficiency to vitamin B12 are a decline in cognitive function, confusion, delirium, depression, acute psychosis (agitation, paranoia, hallucination) and a rare schizophrenia presentation. In the older adult patients, there are reported cases of dementia and catatonic presentation and other patients presented with neurological deficit like paresthesias, ataxia and other sensory impairments (N. Berry, Sagar and Tripathi, 2003). Recommendations It is very evident that the religious beliefs and practices of Rastafarians have implications for mental health and mental health practice. It will be recommended that; Practice Rastafarians have nurtured a phonological scheme of words into a new framework of the English language which is heavily accented. This exclusive way of communicating might obstruct the clinicians task in mental health assessment of a Rastafarian. Health professionals ought to be aware of the variations in making accurate assessments. This will include sometimes consulting people with in-depth knowledge. Secondly, a thorough spiritual assessment needs to be considered especially if the patient is a practising Rastafarian as spiritual practices like chanting, fasting and their dietary needs to be adhered to and some of the beliefs and practices can be construed as symptoms. Raising awareness of vitamin B12 deficiency and its relation to psychiatric symptoms among healthcare professionals is essential to provide understanding to the vegan syndrome in these people who presents as anaemic or neuro-psychiatric disorder or both. Training regarding this causality of deficiency in vitamin B12 and psychosis should be ruled out when these group of people present with symptoms of a psychiatric nature. During any psychological or psychiatric assessment of the Rastafarian women, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of abuse and in- depth exploration into the likelihood of abuse in order to safeguard the individual. Psychological intervention could also play an important part in ensuring their well being if identified of suffering abuse. Cannabis use and its association with psychotic illness should not be undermined. Patients and their carers need to be educated about the risks of cannabis use. Staff should set up groups to educate and help patients to be abstinent. Training and Education In pre qualification training, health professionals need to be educated on the existence of such beliefs and practices and its impact on mental health assessment and management despite this group being little. Subsequently, post qualification training in religious, cultural and spiritual needs has to begin exploring the needs of this minority group. Furthermore, training in techniques such as motivational interviewing will be invaluable. Education of the general public as a whole is also important, and followers of the Rastafarian faith should be encouraged to include products like milk or take vitamin B12 supplements in their diets. Research Further research into the Rastafarian beliefs and practices and its implications for mental health need to be carried out as this is limited and almost non-existent Conclusion It has been established that the beliefs and practices of Rastafarians has implications for mental health and mental health practice. The differences between Rastafarianism and other typical religion are myriad, including: no set membership, no ordained or commanding leader, and as a whole there is association with the outside world. In certain societies, Rastafarians have been described as a religious group exhibiting delusions. The negative analysis needs to be questioned because it suggests a misinterpretation of the ideals of the religion and encourages the incorrect concept that their beliefs are atypical to notions of other religious movements. Despite these diverse ideas, it should be highlighted that Rastafarians, like other religions; Christians, Muslims, Buddhist etc are susceptible of having mental health difficulties. Diagnosis and management should be based on clinical examination and a holistic understanding of the person, in order to provide an appropriate medical, religious and cultural sensitive care.

Censorship in America Essay -- essays research papers

Censorship in America   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since this country was founded, we have had a set of unalienable rights that our constitution guarantees us to as Americans. One of the most important rights that is mentioned in our constitution is the right to free speech. â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.† These are the exact words used by our country’s forefathers when they made these amendments in the late 1700’s. Ever since then there have been people trying to abolish this right by censoring things that the American public has a right to see if they so choose. Movies, books, music, thoughts, ideas, and literature are all things that have fallen victims to censorship in this country. The idea and practice of censorship is unconstitutional and should be completely abolished in all forms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many Americans love films, the meanings behind those films and the impact some films have on people’s lives. Ever since films were created there have been people and organizations that have tried to censor and block what the public can and cannot see. Even to this day there are certain things that if put on film because of censorship, would never make it to the public. This is very sad. Film is one of this country’s great expressive outlets. Many filmmakers and the people who enjoy what these filmmakers put out are effected by the horrible concept of censorship. When a film is put out to the public it is first reviewed by a movie rating board who then assigns the film a rating to tell people what age groups the film is suitable for and what the film contains. Movie selection for minors should solely be the responsibility of that child’s parent, not some critic that watches films and then makes decisions for other people about who can watch it and who can’t. People just need to start to understand the real meaning of free speech and expression in this country. Too many people are taking it for granted. People who are for the censorship of films may argue that it’s for the good of our children, shielding them from violence and sex, and not exposing them to something that they claim may be mentally harm... ...from the other side of this argument is the fact that profanity and sexually explicit material shouldn’t be exposed to young children without their parental permission. But telling teenagers and young adults who are mature enough to choose what they want to listen to is completely wrong and unjust. The key word here is choice. As stated earlier, the thing that makes this country truly great is the idea that we have the right to listen to whatever we choose we want to listen to, not what a censor thinks you should be exposed to, it’s ridiculous.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Freedom of speech and expression is one of the most important rights that we have in this country. Our forefathers knew this and acknowledged this in our great constitution which protects our rights as citizens in America. Censorship is a complete contradiction to this concept that has helped make America the greatest country in the world. If we do not stand up for our rights for free speech, someday it may be taken away all together. Everyday there are people out there trying to ban and censor things from Americans, things that as an American you have the right to view. Censorship must be stopped at all costs.

Racial Discrimination Essay

There was a time in the United States of America when white Americans and African Americans were separated through a hierarchy. With the white Americans on top and the African Americans as slaves. This lead to what was recorded in history, the American Civil war where people fought to their death for equal rights. Also in recorded history was the invasion of the Spaniards in the Philippines for 333 years. People have fought and died for our country to be free and independent. And yet, it feels like not all their efforts have reached the world. That is because our world is not free from racial discrimination. Why do people discriminate different races? Are we really so different from others that we have to be looked down upon? Just because we are not white, we are already as low as dirt? Just because we don’t look the same or speak the same language or have the same culture, we are already lower creatures? Last time I checked God didn’t create the different races. He created only one race; humans. All with the same two eyes, two ears, a nose, a mouth, hair, skin, two feet-each with five toes, two hands-each with five fingers and a heart that beats life. We all speak a language. We all have cultures. We all need a roof on our heads, clothes to wear and food on our table. We are all born the same way and in the end, we will all die. Is that so hard to accept?

Impertinence Toward Parents essays

Impertinence Toward Parents essays As years go by, it seems that children have little or no respect at all for their parents. Personally, I have an aversion to children who disrespect people older than them. Those children have no manners and probably were not taught any by their parents. The problem is not only with children, they are expected to do it because they do not know any better. The majority of disrespect, however, comes from teenagers. Demanding freedom and more liberty, they start ignoring their parents and start doing what they think is right. A child showing discourtesy to their parents is part of everyday life, and it should not be taken lightly because the end results can be devastating. The main reason I believe children get this way is because of bad parenting. The parents should teach their children good manners from a young age. Showing respect for their parents from a younger age makes it a little more difficult for the adolescent to be disrespectful at an older age because that is not how they have been raised. Being part of a troubled family is also a major reason for the concern of parents being disrespected. When I say troubled family, I mean a family that has been through divorce and/or drug abuse. If a family goes through a divorce, it effects the child mentally. The child might start to blame him or herself for the separation of the parents. This often causes juveniles to be a little more rebellious and start thinking for themselves. If the child ends up with another family, he or she will be disrespectful to their stepparent because they are not their real parents. Drug abuse tends to have the same effect. If the parent does not care, why sho uld the child care? The juvenile will start doing whatever he or she wants to do because it will not matter to their parents. Adverse influences from an outside source also make an adolescent more disrespectful. They might learn a bad habit from their friends and...

No-till Vs. Conventional tillage agriculture essays

No-till Vs. Conventional tillage agriculture essays To till or not to till that is the question? This may seem like a silly pun on one of Shakespeare's famous lines, but this is a very valid question with many farmers across the land today. No-till, or conservation tillage is a increasingly popular means of working the land by preparing a micro seed bed 2-3 wide. When compared to conventional tillage where soil is inverted and mixed, conservation tillage seems very low impact. And this low impact way of preparing and for crops helps the soil to develop better structure and reduce erosion among a host of other benefits. No-till is defined by Hall as, (that) which refers broadly to different approaches for reducing the amount of soil tillage before planting and after harvest. While this is a very generalized definition this is the basic idea behind no-till agriculture. Conservation tillage research started in the 1940s, following World War II. Just as plant growth regulators (herbicides) were being developed, (Gorman, 117). Herbicides are essential to no-till agriculture because without them conventional plow tillage is the only way to kill weeds that compete with crop plants. But at first no-till didnt really catch on. By the early 1970s only eight percent of all agriculture land was being farmed using conservation tillage but by the early 1980s about thirty percent of the United states agriculture land was managed using conservation tillage. By 2010 it is predicted that 75 to 85 percent of our nations farmland will be under no-till management (Gorman, 117) Why the sudden increase in the adoption of no till? Several factors timed the shift from plow tillage to conservation tillage over the last 25 years these include availability of effective and safe herbicides, increase in energy costs, decrease in available farm labor, and growing public concern over soil and water conservation and environmental pollution (Gorman, 117). But perh...

How the development of corporate governance improved the overall Dissertation

How the development of corporate governance improved the overall quality of uk band management - Dissertation Example In the course of the presentation and interpretation of results, it was established that banks that pay the best of salaries and have an effective remuneration programs retain their employees over a very long periods of time in their organisations. In the same way, those that paid less suffered frequent cases of employee turnover in the forms of resignation and unannounced quitting of position. Literature has indeed showed that when companies put in proactive efforts through the standardisation of remuneration as suggested by the UK corporate governance code to retain their employees, there is a superlative impact that this would have on company performance (Iedema and Poppe, 2001). First and foremost, it will be noted that companies with long serving employees can be assured of a human resource base that is in-tuned with the organisational culture in place at the workplace (National Technical Information Services, 1987). Subsequently, the rhythm of customer participation will be eas ily read by such employees, who would in turn offer services and products that meet customer specification. In the long run, customers who have their specifications met will become satisfied with service received and will want to continue doing business with the bank. Another factor that links employee retention to bank performance is the fact that employees who have worked among themselves for long get along easily and better. Often times when new employees would have to come in who will be coached and guided as to how to deliver service, the rates of productivity of such employees will not be as effective as those who can work independently or with limited support (Ilies and Scott, 2006). Meanwhile, the levels of productivity recorded by banks can be translated directly into tangible fiscal growth. Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge the efforts of all people who have been of help to me in the course of writing this dissertation. Names like ................. are worth ment ioning. Thank you to you all. Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1 Research background 1 1.2 Research rationale 1 1.3 Research aims and objectives 4 Chapter 2: Literature Review 5 2.2 Corporate governance in the banking industry 7 2.5 Operational Risk 12 2.5.1 Regulatory and Statutory framework for enforcing Corporate Governance 13 2.7 Measurement of Bank Performance 19 Chapter 3: Methodology 21 3.1 Introduction 21 3.2 Aims and Objectives of the Research 21 3.3 Research Approach 22 3.4 Research Design 22 3.5 Research Theory and Strategy 23 3.6 Research Method 24 3.7 Reliability and Validity 26 3.8 Limitations 26 Chapter 4: Findings 27 Chapter 5: Discussion 40 Chapter 6. Conclusion, Limitations and Recommendations 55 6.1 Conclusion 55 6.2 Limitations 58 6.3 Recommendations 60 Reference 61 Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research background Undoubtedly, the degree of the collapses brought about by the Financial Crisis across the world as well as the ramification for the entire global ec onomy is documented in many other places. Consequently, many would want to know whether the failure is as a result of poor corporate governance or not. As a response to isolated cases such as the Marconi collapse in 2001 in the UK, many would argue that it was not a failure of corporate governance because the collapse was mainly after a misguided strategy

The History of Criminology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The History of Criminology - Research Paper Example The Philosophers like John Locke, Cesare Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham prolonged upon the social contract theory to clarify as to why people entrust crime and how societies can successfully fight crime? The concepts can go on to play a huge role in the legal systems in a lot of nations nowadays, even though the approach in the current world tends to be a little more flexible. â€Å"According to Beccaria, crimes occur when the potential pleasure and rewards from illegal acts outweigh the pains of punishment. Beccaria’s theory was that in order for punishment to be effective, it must be public, prompt, necessary, the least possible in the given circumstances, proportionate and dictated by law† (Classical Vs. Positivist Criminology, 2013, par.2). It is significant to recognize the situation in which the classical criminology was expanded. At the time of the Enlightenment, Europe was altering completely, with a lot of nations rising from the feudal monarchies and completely i mproving their laws. Across Europe, this law was wildly conflicting and it still applied more variable. Board of judges and another legal official’s frequently lacked a wide training, and it arranged punishments completely out of quantity to some crimes as ignoring others. A lot of people understood the need for a more consistent and efficient justice system, and this method was the result. Classical criminology is basically a financial theory of crime that concentrates on the criminal act as per the definition which is given by the law. The significant idea is those individuals who are less or more free to decide any offense as to one by a choice or of behavioral choices. The comparative attractiveness of any option is influenced by the costs that are connected with an illegal action.

The two Industrial Revolutions on the World Essay

The two Industrial Revolutions on the World - Essay Example It was merely because of fewer taxes required to begin business. It is therefore, increased development was observed during the industrial revolution. As far as the second industrial revolution is concerned, it was marked that socially people were able to come own properties. It is a fact that has not been discussed by the previous economists. More stress was laid on the fact that there were fewer people who were able to take up business opportunities where owners had a grasp of larger volume of the market. Politically people became aware of their rights since technological advancement brought various mediums for communications. The flow of communication became strong to an extent where people became quite aware of their opportunities and responsibilities. The aspect or the concept of the community became considerably significant because of the industrial revolution. It was the same era when most of the societies if the world was undergoing financial downturn. Majority of the European societies including Great Britain were able to resist the economic burden because of the economic

Great response from Arthur Miller Essay Example for Free

Great response from Arthur Miller Essay The Crucible was written in 1953, by Arthur Miller. Miller has said that the purpose of the play is to comment on the parallels between the unfair Salem Witch trials and the Red Scare that lasted eight years 1948-1956. A Crucible is a large container that is used in the production of steel, where they are heated until they melt. A Crucible can stand extremely high temperatures. This is a direct comment on what the play is about. Arthur Miller provided an artistic response to the political climate and he wrote to tackle certain issues such as intimidation. Under McCarthyism, the United States was afraid of communisms influence. McCarthyism came from Senator John McCarthy, who set out to find any threats to the American life and their security. Anybody suspected of communism, mainly those in the entertainment industry, either confessed and gave names of other people or the American Government blacklisted them. Miller, in the entertainment industry, who was protecting his business and friends from any negative outlook it gave, refused to testify to the Committee and was blacklisted. McCarthyism has a great likeness to the play The Crucible. In both situations people only wishing to save themselves falsely accuse many people who suffer. John and Elizabeth Proctor dont have a normal husband and wife relationship, although they are married. They are distant with one another. Their relationship is full of suspicions and clearly has a lack of trust: What keeps you so late? is an accusation. Elizabeth really means what have you been doing or where have you been to keep you so late. The strength of their relationship is tested. John tries to please Elizabeth but she cannot forget her suspicions. John explains to her: I have not moved from there to there without I think to please you, and still an everlasting funeral marches around you heart. This shows that John feels guilt. John Proctor is an honest man. We see this through the way he acts and what he says. John works hard to provide for his family. He has a good clean name in the village and is well respected. However, when the hysteria begins, he wonders whether to expose Abigail for what she really is, even though his name will be ruined. We see that he truly loves Elizabeth when he confesses lechery in order to protect his wife. The audience are drawn to John Proctor. He is one of few people in the play to be truthful throughout, along with Reverend John Hale. Elizabeth is also an honest person. She is a good Christian woman and acts the way shes supposed to as a wife and mother. However, sometimes she can be very cold. She, along with many others, is accused of witchcraft simply because she fired Abigail when she suspected that her and John were attracted to one another and didnt want it to go any further. Even though she has suspected John of lechery and is distant towards him, we know that she deeply loves him. Hale is called into Salem to find out what is going on. He seems a respectful man and gives everyone a chance to prove his or her innocence. He is sort of the plays saviour or hero.  We get to know Abigail Williams through her language and what other characters say. We see that she has power over the other girls and just how far she will go to protect herself, especially in Act 1: I have seen some reddish work done at night and I can make you wish you had never seen the sun go down! Abigail leads the girls in accusing innocent people of witchcraft. Abigail saw the Indians murder her parents. This could have had an affect on the way Abigail is and how she acts. I think that she is able to threaten danger to the girls partly because of her childhood and what she has seen. In Act 3, Abigail shows her power by the way she speaks to Danforth in the courtroom. She even threatens him, saying that the Hell can take him: Let you beware, Mr. Danforth Beware of it! After realising what she has said, she immediately pretends she is in another trance and can see things. This is to allow her to get away with what she has said and so Danforth cant reply to her. There is a great change from Act 1 to Act 3 with regards to hysteria. In Act 1, the girls accuse a few names and they tell just enough lies to protect themselves. Abigail and John Proctor take a gentle lighthearted approach to it in Act 1 and they laugh and joke about it. However, in Act 3 it becomes much more serious. They tell a massive amount of lies and act to make their story believable. Act 3 starts straight away with hysteria. The audience are aware of the gradual build-up because of the characters dialogue. As the play moves further along, the plot thickens as more names are thrown into it and even more unbelievable acting takes place with more and more lies being told. In Act 3, Mary Warren tries to go against the girls with the help of John Proctor in order to save Elizabeth and the other innocents. Mary Warren is already a weak and feeble character and when Danforth questions and speaks to her, he uses cruel vocabulary to fade her. It is obvious that he is on the girls side and doesnt believe a word of what Mary Warren is saying. The girls then accuse Mary Warren of witchcraft. Then she sees that she cannot tell the real truth and overcome the girls lies so she decides to rejoin the girls. To protect herself she accuses John of making her go against the girls and tell lies to them by threatening her. The stage directions in this act build up tension. They add to the drama and the way the girls convincingly act. The stage directions are just as important as the speech. They let us know what is going on and help us understand the characters more. The language also builds up tension. There is a lot of talk about God in the courtroom. Also, there is a lot of cutting each other off. Abigail always tends to cut off Danforth from speaking, so he cant respond to her, this also shows her power. It is almost like Abigail is speaking and saying things just to stop anyone else from doing so.  Personally, I really like the play. I think its a great response from Arthur Miller. There is a mixture of characters and its interesting to see how they interact with one another. I like the play partly because its a true story and I was interested in finding out what happened.

Leadership Effectiveness In The Business World Commerce Essay

Leadership Effectiveness In The Business World Commerce Essay There exist different leaders with disparities in disposition, conceptualization as well as leadership styles. Leaders are meant to provide guiding vision in professional as well as personal matters. A competent leader should exude integrity which encompasses maturity, self knowledge or even candor. Being daring allows a leader take risks of experimenting with new things thereby getting new insights and ideas from the errors incurred. A leader of moral reasoning and futuristic destiny drives institutional growth to greater heights (Davis and Shrander 2007, 96). This document discusses the different leadership strategies as portrayed from Ray Davis leadership in an attempt steer Umpqua bank to higher profitability levels. Ray Davis leadership style can best be described as authentic, focused and transformational. He took over the leadership of South Umpqua bank and utilized creative philosophies as well as unique leadership disciplines in expanding South Umpqua bank operations, thus making the bank profitable, agile as well as customers satisfaction oriented. For him leadership has translated to growth. His leadership style is a clear demonstration that creating a competitive advantage will lead to exceptional growth to any institution. Being an authentic leader, Davis genuine desire to empower other people has been demonstrated. Chapter II: Findings and Discussion Transformational leadership Ray Davis has indeed provided positive change in the management of Umpqua bank making the bank amongst the most profitable institution of the times. Through the radical changes introduced in the banking industry, the institution has transformed into a multibillionaire entity with more than 120 branches spread throughout the state. Ray Davis has largely focused in transforming the lives of people through the establishment of accountability forums where the employees are encouraged to look at the interests of each other while contributing to the general well being of the entire institution. For instance, when Ray Davis took over the management of the bank in the fiscal 1994, the number of employees was about 60 people in Oregon which is an economically depressed region. This scenario has since been transformed with a record 1800 employees spread across the over 120 branches of the bank in Oregon, northern California as well as in Washington. Over the past twelve years relentless growth has been exhibited in this once little known financial institution having been transformed into a highly traded public company (Woodward 2003, 2). The transformational leadership strategy utilized by Ray Davis has propelled the growth which has seen the bank feature in prominent financial matters publications like Fast Company, CNBC as well as in the Business week. Through the personality aspects and traits of Ray Davis, he has managed to create change through the vision and goals he set out to achieve. The influence that Ray Davis has had on his followers is massive due to the charisma, individual consideration as well as the intellectual arousal he exudes. A key pointer to the transformational leadership strategies demonstrated by Ray Davis, lie in his ability to identify and implement new opportunities in the banking industry. For example, when he took the helm of the bank he made it a rule for the tellers to reckon the slogan World Greatest bank whenever they answered their clients phones. This move was frowned over by the competitors in the banking industry but massive benefits have been exhibited and indeed South Umpqua bank is amongst the best banks in the world. Ray Davis is listed amongst the top influential people who have made massive strides in the financial industry. Getting out of the status quo of the banking industry led to alte r the environment with a growth of about 30 times being exhibited at the bank. Ray Davis has offered individualized considerations to his followers through acting as a mentor to the employees and close associates to his business. Through giving support and empathy and support, other people have had a chance to emulate him as they are given an opportunity for self improvement and development (Sperry 2002, 86). Ray Davis appreciates any individual contribution made by the juniors thus enabling an intrinsic motivation of ones tasks to develop. There are times when the executives had to change direction in the implementation procedures on the institutions strategic plans. Ray Davis says that in such instances, he does not admonish their decisions but rather encourage them as they take their time to research on the implications of starting such an initiative at the time. The executives were able to question the assumptions which might have been overlooked and they thereby managed to have a deeper understanding of the strategic implications of such decisions. Through transformational leadership, Ray Davis has been able to break away from traditional rivals in the industry thus giving value to the shareholders, employees as well as to customers. Ray Davis has intellectually stimulated his executive team by encouraging creativity in their thinking. For instance, some branch managers have dog bowls at the entrances to cater for clients with pets. They even go way-out to open lobbies for community events. Managerial Capacity Ray Davis has demonstrated managerial aspects in his leadership as the output of the bank has been maximized owing to his administrative implementation procedures. Managerial tasks like organization, planning, controlling as well as staffing which Ray Davis has undertaken with the assistance of the executive team of the bank have steered the bank into profitability. As a manager he has done things right through following the stipulated procedures and company policies. Ray Davis says he is not predictable and he possesses a rare sense of urgency. Through open communication, tasks get done quickly. He does not communicate through emails and memos rather he prefers to get in touch with concerned parties via phone calls (Engen, 2009). As a manager who embraces delegation, Davis makes himself accessible to even the lowest ranking employees of the institution hence the reason why he does not follow the stipulated chain of command. For example, Ray handles people directly whether its the frontline associate, store manager situated in California or even senior VP heading operations at the headquarters. His staff joke that all the priorities of Ray Davis come at first position especially if they cause even the slightest difference. Executives of the company have experiences of how Ray Davis was relentless about their failure to address a clients problem. Through record keeping, Ray Davis is able to keep track of the customers queries and determine whether they have been addressed by the concerned parties. These managerial concepts help in building customer loyalty thus translating to added financial gains to the institution. Implicit Capacity Ray Davis has openly demonstrated to the employees, shareholders and other stakeholders of the bank that indeed he is a leader and a force to reckon with in the banking industry. He acts as a fully responsible person by being autonomous as well as highly independent during task completion. He is not press0urized to act in accordance to the laid down stipulations of requirements of a CEO of a financial institution. For instance, managers need be stable so as not to distract the functioning of the employees but Ray Davis is so unpredictable. He lets people see him even in social environment. During company picnics, he is never detached from other staff in fact he demonstrates this by cooking hamburgers. He loves having fun and demonstrates that even CEOs enjoy having good time as well.. For instance, when the young executives were designing the Portlands District store, he was filled with feelings of gratitude and massive appreciation such that he didnt want to distract them. He does n ot bottle-up feelings, but rather remain assertive enough thus he is not inscrutable. A very controversial creation of Davis Ray is referred to as Universal Associate program whereby every employee of the bank is trained in all banking operations. Thus instances of employees claiming to be incompetent are not evidenced (Hesselbein and Shrander 2008, 126). For example, a teller can make a mortgage application on behalf of the client. Ray Davis Competencies The competency of Ray Davis is evident as the profitability of the bank has increased as leading to the achievement of an envisioned future to the financial institution. Through his wisdom, he pioneered massive changes in the banking industry by making the Umpqua bank turn to a dynamic and innovative institution. The quality of management and the type of services and products developed by the bank demonstrate high levels of competency. During the 2010 Portland business luncheon, Umpqua Bank was among the most recognized companies in Oregon. It is also ranked amongst the best companies to work with. Throughout the tenure of Ray Davis at Umpqua bank, he has been a source of inspirational leadership to his followers and even to various customers. The kind of culture which Ray Davis has managed to create is geared towards serving the customers adequately (Sperry 2002, 174). When the customers are satisfied then this ultimately translates into added profits. Through consistently communica ting optimism regarding future goals, Ray Davis has managed to provide immerse energy to drive the bank forward. He says he largely concentrated on making the bank significant to the lives of the all the stakeholders. In his tenure, Umpqua Bank has become a financially stable and trustworthy enterprise which will continue to grow even as new leaders are given the mandate to head it. Chapter IV: Recommendation and Conclusion Ray Davis leadership discipline and creativity has not been pegged on selfish gains but there an endeavored move to impact the institutions prosperity. He has created a competitive advantage in the bank by installing projects and service delivery mechanisms which foster customer loyalty. Through building a pool of committed employees who are given the mandate to undertake tasks which are deemed productive to the institution, vital growth is guaranteed. Through transformational leadership, Ray Davis has fought the syndromes which make people to fall back into ancient business routines which are not productive. If Ray decides to go global in future, then there id dire need to strategically plan for the unbecoming effects associated with cords-cultures.